Sanctions and export controls
Long-arm jurisdiction, entity lists, end-use controls, outbound investment rules, and re-export rules can pull ordinary transactions into high-risk review.
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Risk Map
Industry priorities differ, but the governance logic is shared: identify rules, build evidence, move gates forward, and prepare crisis response.
Data, cybersecurity, and AI governance
Cross-border data flows, remote access, AI training data, user notices, and localization rules now affect platforms, connected devices, and SaaS businesses at once.
Supply chain, labour, and human rights
Forced labour, origin, contractor labour, dormitory conditions, and upstream material proof are becoming customs, procurement, and platform-access conditions.
Trade remedies, subsidies, and industrial policy
Countervailing duties, anti-dumping, foreign subsidy review, and industrial-policy protection assess cost advantages, state support, and market conduct together.
Investment screening and national security
Critical technology, infrastructure, data assets, and China-control links can trigger foreign investment review, procurement exclusions, or capital-market restrictions.
Platform, product safety, and consumer protection
E-commerce and platform businesses face product safety, trader traceability, dark-pattern, ad transparency, low-value shipment, tax/customs, and recall duties.
Intellectual property and technology licensing
SEP/FRAND, injunctions, ITC actions, trademark squatting, open-source code, and trade secrets can directly affect hardware, telecoms, and platform ecosystems.
Tax structure and permanent establishment
Overseas warehouses, after-sales, agents, platform sales, transfer pricing, and global minimum tax are narrowing the room for shell holding and profit shifting.
Anti-corruption and public procurement
Government projects, SOE customers, agents, advisers, customs brokers, and local partners can expose firms to multi-jurisdiction anti-bribery, sanctions, and debarment risk.
Climate, ESG, and sustainable supply chains
CBAM, forced-labour product bans, CSDDD, and customer due diligence turn carbon data, human-rights diligence, and supplier management into market-access gates.
Dispute resolution and crisis response
Detentions, dawn raids, labour incidents, media exposure, injunctions, and investigations require clear first-hour, 24-hour, and first-week response scripts.